Standard Propagation Channel Models for MIMO Communication Systems

The field of wireless communication networks has witnessed a dramatic change over the last decade due to sophisticated technologies deployed satisfy various demands peculiar different data-intensive applications. Consequently, this led aggressive use available propagation channels fulfill minimum quality service (QoS) requirement. A major barometer used gauge performance system is spectral efficiency (SE) its channels. key technology improve SE substantially multiple input output (MIMO) technique. This article presents detailed survey MIMO channel models in systems. First, we present general model and identified three models, viz., physical, analytical, standardized models. physical describe using parameters. analytical show statistical features with respect measured data. provide unified framework for modern radio architecture, advanced signal processing, cutting-edge access techniques. Additionally, examined strengths limitations existing discussed design, development, parameterization, implementation, validation. Finally, recent 3GPP-based 3D model, transitioning from 2D modeling, discuss open issues, highlight vital lessons learned future research exploration